Permanent magnets

Since the coercive force is considered in QuickField to be the piecewise constant function, its contribution to the equation is equivalent to surface currents which flow along the surface of the permanent magnet in direction orthogonal to the model plane. The density of such effective current is equal to jump of the tangent component of the coercive force across the magnet boundary. For example, rectangular magnet with the coercive force Hc directed along x-axis can be replaced by two oppositely directed currents at its upper and lower surfaces. The current density at the upper edge is numerically equal to Hc, and –Hc at the lower edge.

Therefore, the permanent magnet can be specified by either coercive force or Neumann boundary conditions at its edges. You can choose more convenient and obvious way in each particular case.

Permanent magnets with nonlinear magnetic properties need some special consideration. Magnetic permeability is assumed to be defined by the following equation

B = μ(B)·(H + Hc) ; μ(B) = B / (H + Hc).

It must be pointed out that μ(B) dependence is different from the analogous curve for the same material but without permanent magnetism. If the real characteristic for the magnet is not available for you, it is possible to use row material curve as an approximation. If you use such approximation and magnetic field value inside magnet is much smaller than its coercive force, it is recommended to replace the coercive force by the following effective value

Hc' = Br / μ(Br),

where Br is remanent induction.