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Main >> Applications >> Sample problems

Synchronous machine power-angle curve - QuickField simulation example

Electromagnetic torque of a synchronous machine versus load angle, producing the power-angle characteristic over the stable operating range.
We are going to simulate a simplified case. The power angle is predifined and the current in the stator winding is predifined. The task is to find a torque.

Engineering question

How to find power-angle curve of synchronous motor?

Answer
For each load angle, average torque over synchronized rotor positions and stator current phases; repeat the calculation to build the power-angle curve.

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Typical applications
synchronous machines, generator load angle systems, stability characteristic studies

Synchronous machine power-angle curve

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Simulation problem

Problem Type
Plane-parallel problem of DC magnetics.

Geometry
Machine z-length is 65 mm.
Synchronous motor power-angle diagram The main characteristic of a synchro motor is the electromagnetic torque vs. load angle dependence. A+ C- B+ A- C+ B- Rotor flux δ Stator flux Shaft N S N S S N S N Ø 240 mm Ø 72 mm

Given
Phase current density j = 3 А/mm²
Coercive force of NdFeB permanent magnets Hc = 730 kА/m
Power angle δ = 30° (electrical degrees).
The B-H curve for the stator and the rotor:

Task
Calculate the average torque.

Solution
Due to stator slotting the torque momentary value depends on the rotor position. To calculate the averge value we should simulate a series of problems with different rotor positions and appropriate momentary values of the current in the stator winding. We assume that the rotor rotates in synchronism with the stator field. Hence the electromagnetic torque does not change with time.
To measure the torque you should specify momentary values of winding currents j*cos(phase angle) and set the rotor in proper position. For this analysis it doesn't matter whether the rotor or stator is rotating. It is convenient to rotate the stator relative to the rotor. Otherwise, when the rotor is rotated, the permanent magnets coercive force direction should have to be adjusted for each relative position
To automate the solution of a series of problems, it is convenient to use the LabelMover utility, which will automatically change the model and measure the electromagnetic torque.

Result
Magnetic field distribution and torque calculation for the load angle of 30 electrical degrees.


Power angle diagram of a permanent magnet synchronous motor

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